U.S. production trends for high-protein soybean meal - U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service report

Abstract: Production of high-protein soybean meal can be distinguished from 44-percent

protein meal using reported data upon hull meal, or soybean millfeeds. The analysis indicates

that U production of high-protein soybean meal has grown the one and the other absolutely and proportionately

above the last 30 years. This is largely to be paid to the immense growth of the domestic fowls sector.

A fresh data series reports a gros value of processing approximately 15-20cent for bushel

higher than previously reported.

Keywords: Soybean meal, 44-percent protein, high-protein, husk meal. Processors produce and market soybean meal in sum of two units product forms. The first, 44-percent protein soybean meal, is defined by means of the National Oilseed Processors Association (NOPA), as follows: Soybean Flakes and 44-percent Protein Soybean Meal are produc by the agency of cracking, heating, and flaking soybeans and reducing the oil easy in mind of the conditioned product by dint of the use of hexane or homologous hydrocarbon menstrums The extracted flakes are prepare for the tableed and marketed as such or surface of land into meal. Standard specifications are: minimum protein of 440 percent; minimum fat of 05 percent; and maximum fiber of 70 percent The next to the first product, high-protein soybean meal, is officially defined as follows:

Soybean Flakes and High Protein or menstrum Extracted Soybean Meal are produc by means of cracking, heating, and flaking dehull soybeans and reducing the oil contented of the conditioned flakes by dint of the use of hexane or homologous hydrocarbon menstrums The extracted flakes are prepare for the tableed and marketed as such or surface of land into meal. Standard specifications are: minimum protein of 475-490 percent; minimum fat of 05 percent; and maximum fiber of 33-35 percent Based upon protein content, high-protein soybean meal commands a price premium to 44-percent protein meal. High-protein meal is more often used in feed rations that require high protein and depressed fiber, such as for domestic fowls or growing swine. Dehulled meal has other physical handling advantages above 44-percent, too. Alternatively, 44-percent protein meal is adequate, still more economical for dairy and beef cattle or adult breeding swine that can digest fiber more efficiently. The act of dehulling soybeans to show high-protein meal generates a third produce hull meal or soybean millfeed. This exterior covering of the soybean is high in fiber and suitable for use as cattle roughage.

Estimating High-Protein Meal Production

By using the reported production of husk meal (available from the Bureau of Census Oilseed Crushings Report), individual can calculate an estimate of U high-protein meal production (table A-1). Total husk weight can be calculated by means of multiplying a constant factor of 00625 strikes of hulls-per-pound of soybeans by the agency of the total soybean crush (assuming a constant 60-pound bushel). Production of outer coverings from other sources (soy flour) is negligible. Subtracting the reported tonnage of outer covering meal from the former total outer covering weight generates a figure for the outer coverings that are recombined with soybean meal. Processors use virtually all the outer coverings in hull meal or 44-percent soybean meal and hold fast minimal stocks. Dividing the remaining outer covering tonnage by the hull-soybean factor derives its soybean-equivalent store Multiplying by 0.79 (a constant meal yield conversion) bring forwards an estimate for 44-percent soybean meal production. The remainder, high-protein meal production, is obtained by means of subtracting 44-percent meal production from total reported soybean meal production.

turns in High-Protein Production

U.S. production of high-protein soybean meal has outgrown 44-percent meal the couple absolutely and proportionately over the last 30 years. This is largely owed to the immense growth of the domestic fowls sector. Poultry consumption of oilseed meals had doubled between 1965 and 1985 Chickens and turkey also have higher protein requirements than other species. High-protein soybean meal production in 1989/90 was 144 million short tons, or 67 percent of the total U soybean meal output (table A-1). In contrast, the proportion of soybean meal production that was high-protein in the mid-1950's was about 25 percent There may be other contributing factors to this turn The proportion of high-protein soybean meal production to 44-percent protein meal may hang on the volume of exports and the composition of the animal consuming units. Fe manufacturers have also become more sophisticated in their ration formulations. Formulators may have other fiber sources that are more favorably priced than soybean outer coverings They might also want to mix the husks themselves. Density differences between the husks and meal can cause separation during storage and transportation, resulting in a nonuniform mixture. single application of this data upon high-protein soybean meal production is to adjust USDA's statistics for the value of yields per bushel of soybeans advanceed Table A-2 lists the series publicly reported by USDA. However, by the agency of valuing the entire soybean meal output by means of the 44-percent price, the series undervalues that portion of the production that is high-protein. Weighing soybean meal prices by the agency of the percentages of production that are 44-percent and high-protein, individual can construct a new, more accurate series as in table A-3. The novel series shows that the value of production from soybean crushing was higher than in the previous data series. The novel series reports a gross value of processing approximately 15-20 cent by bushel higher than previously reported.