INFLUENCE OF CAMERA POSITION AND LIGHTING IN RHINOPLASTY PHOTOGRAPHY, THE

Preoperative and postoperative rhinoplasty photography documents the initial nasal deformity and the rises of surgery. This paper examines and discusses the influence of changing the belonging to all photographic variables of lighting and camera-subject position upon the end photographic result of the forehead view of the nose in rhinoplasty. An experiment was carried on the outside in which several variables in the photographic studio were altered individually to visualise their events on the same individual. The resulting photographs were then analysed in comparison to the standard for differences in the appearance of the nose. designing changes in lighting and head camera positioning can have significant results in terms of the aesthetic nature of nasal proportion In studying colleagues' work it is important to gaze at the pupillary light reflexe to diocese what lighting system is being used and at the comparability of patient positioning before any relevant conclusions can be drawn about the quality of the surgery

Introduction

Photography provides an accurate record for preoperative and postoperative assessment. It is a valuable communication and educational tool for the surgeon patients and colleagues. However for valid comparisons to be made a number of photographic variables must be consistent, and carefully considered.

While considerable attention is given to rhinoplasty surgical techniques at meetings and workshops les attention is paid to what are effectively rhinoplasty measurement techniques. The nuances of photography are usually considered to be outside the realms of surgical knowledge and training. Although the importance of photographic consistency is repeatedly emphasized1, the rises of photographic inconsistency are rarely documented or discussed. sophistical changes in the light source, light placement and direction as well as camera position relative to the bring under rule can produce surprising changes in the perceived deviation, size or proportion of the nose. At many meetings it is many times apparent that these considerations have been view from aboveed when photographs are compared and contrasted. When it is pointed on the outside the surgeons have inadvertently manipulated the image from one side photographic variability it is repeatedly dismissed as being irrelevant to the presentation. The intent of this study is to investigate and discuss the events of changing common photographic variables of lighting and camera make submissive position on the end photographic results

Background

In medical photography three major forms of lighting are used: a ring flash, a single flash unit mountained on the camera or studio lighting. through looking at the reflection of the flash in the patient's organ of sights (or the shadows on the nose) single can usually determine the position and emblem of flash used when the photograph was taken2.

A ring flash consists of light that completely encompasss the circumference of the len and provides shadowless lighting making it ideal for intranasal photographs on the contrary unsuitable for facial portraits as many of the contour details are not to be found by the flat lighting produc by the agency of these units2,3,4.

A flashlight mountained on the camera, angled toward the side, bring forwards more shadows than the ring light combination of parts to form a whole Care must be taken to render certain that the light source is positioned in a constant relationship to the camera and control in successive photographs.

There are sum of two units major studio light systems generally utilised by photographers: the lock opener light system and the quarter light combination of parts to form a whole The key light system involves the use of individual light (the key light) as the major light source, which exhibits the shadow pattern. The lock opener light is moved around the camera in a horizontal plane until the nose and cheek shadows immerge and then in a vertical plane until the shadow of the nose touches the comer of the chaps A fill light, which is les intense with a softer more diffuse quality, is then positioned to light or fill in the area of the shadow upon the face produced by the lock opener light. Two backlights are used simultaneously to separate the bring under rule from the background. The technique minimising shadowing, which from a surgical, visual and artistic perspective are necessary to define the nose.

Since the light sources are not of equal intensity and are placed asymmetrically the resultant light reflexe which are repeatedly used to define the nasal tip will also be asymmetrical; the final issue is an apparently deviated tip. The shadowing necessary to define the osseocartilaginous dorsum will be minimised.

The quarter light combination of parts to form a whole utilises two lights of equal intensity, positioned at 45 steps from the subject-camera axis and 2 feet above the subject's organ of sight level3. The advantages of the quarter light a whole are:

1. Minimal light adjustment is required in this a whole providing easily reproducible photographs

2 Equal intensity lights upon either side render oblique and lateral view comparable

3 Parallel light reflexe of equal intensity and shape are produced

The quarter light combination of parts to form a whole used for medical photography wait ons to document irregularities and abnormalities whereas the lock opener light system was originally designed for portrait photography to minimise deformity and quota the subject features.