Role of Momordica charantia in maintaining the normal levels of lipids and glucose in diabetic rats fed a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet

ABSTRACT

This application of mind aims to assess whether or not a methanol extract of Momordica charantia is able to normalise lipid and grape-sugar levels in diabetic rats f a high-fat and a low-carbohydrate diet. Different doses of the extract are administered orally for 45 days. The rats are bl at the beginning of the experiment and at 15-day intervals. vital fluid glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and cholesterol are estimated. springs showed that M. charantia extract normalised life-current glucose level, reduced triglyceride and LDL horizontals and increased HDL level. The animals reverseed to a diabetic state one time the M. charantia extract was discontinued.

KEY WORDS: vital current glucose.

Cholesterol.

Diabetes.

Lipoproteins, HDL

Lipoproteins, LDL

Momordica charantia.

Triglycerides.

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism whereby grape-sugar transport to cells is limited by dint of reduced insulin production or by means of insulin resistance caused by, for example, obesity or inherited factors. It is a major risk factor for thump heart disease and other vital fluid vessel diseases, and studies have reported that hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia are for the use of all in diabetic subjects who lay open such conditions. High levels of circulating lipid is to be paid to an increased turnover of fatty acid, as of the like kind molecules are used to generate efficacy via B-oxidation.1

People with diabetes mellitus may avoid or delay the charge of these diseases by reducing lipid stres by the agency of controlling risk factors such as weight and diet. Diet mastery involves reducing the fat satisfied of the diet and supplementing it with fruits and vegetables.

Momordica charantia is a fruit commonly used in the Indian community across the African continent and also in India. In the Ayurvedic combination of parts to form a whole of medicine, M. charantia is used in the treatment of inflammation, skin disease and diabetes, and a hypoglycaemic result has been reported by many authors.2-5 It also increases grape-sugar level in hypoglycaemic rats as a follow of its thyrogenic effect,3 and polypeptide P in the extract is reported to have a hypoglycaemic property6

Lipids are important macromolecules for the maintenance of confined apartment structure and function. A carbohydrate-rich diet increases vital current sugar level and a fat-rich diet may culminate in ketosis in diabetics; therefore, diet supplementation in this assemblage should aim to address these problems

M charantia extract has a significant clearing issue on circulating glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides in diabetic rats maintained upon a normal diet.7 Therefore, the not away study aims to assess whether or not M charantia extract bring outs the same results in diabetic rats f a diet high in fat and depressed in carbohydrate.

Materials and methods

M charantia was obtained from local farmers and its authenticity was confirmed with the Herbarium section of the Department of Botany, University of Nairobi. The fruit was dried, crushed to a pulverized substance and extracted in 70% methanol and distilled below reduced pressure in a Buchi-type rotary evaporator. The concentrated extract was kept in a vacuum desiccator. The yield was 5% (w/w) of the total free from moisture weight of the fruit.

Male albino rats (Horts Men strain), 200-250 g in weight, were used in all experiments and were kept in standard laboratory conditions. Diabetes was induced by dint of injecting them with alloxan monohydrate, (60 mg/kg material substance weight) on two consecutive days. The animals had independent access to water and regimen Two types of feed were used during the experiment. The respect group was fed a normal diet and the diabetic rats were given a special diet containing 45% fat (90% saturated) and 30% carbohydrate. This is different from the usual prescribed diet for diabetics, which is 45% carbohydrate and 30% fat.

Kits for grape-sugar triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were used (Human Gesellschaft, Germany), and the manufacturer's guidelines were followed. Alloxan monohydrate was obtained from Sigma.

Twenty-five rats were used for the experiment, divided equally into five trial clumps comprising the reference group (A), diabetic superintendence group (DC) and three diabetic experimental clusters (DE1, DE2 and DE3). Rats in the three DE assemblages were given different doses of the extract (80 100 and 120 mg/kg material part weight), while rats in the other sum of two units groups were given distilled water.

All the rats were bl upon the day before the start of the experiment and upon day 15, day 30 and day 45 of the experiment. Thereafter, all rats were go [i]or[/i] come backed to a normal diet. Rats in collection DE3 were observed for a further 30 days and bl upon day 60 and day 75 for assessment of starch-sugar triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels

A tail-tip bleeding course was used in all the cases and serum was gathered and stored in a freezer proceeds were expressed as mean ?± SE Student's t ordeal was used for statistical comparisons.

Results

Glucose

Blood diabetic sugar level showed a dose-dependent replication to the M. charantia extract. The 80 mg/kg dose failed to exhibit a statistically significant reduction on the other hand the 100 and 120 mg/kg doses reduc starch-sugar level to normal by day 15 (9145 ?± 623 mg/100 mL) and matched the horizontals in the reference group. This horizontal stayed within the normal range up to day 45 In contrast, diabetic sway rats fed the high-fat diet on the contrary not the M. charantia extract showed a gradual increase in diabetic sugar level (73.34 ?± 7.60 mg/100 mL upon day 0 and 299.64 ?± 963 mg/100 mL upon day 45). On return to a normal diet, starch-sugar levels in group DE3 increased significantly by means of day 75 (P