Postmaterialism in unresponsive political systems: the Canadian case *.

WHEN SEYMOUR MARTIN LIPSET AND STEIN ROKKAN published their classic analysis of "Cleavage mode of buildings Party Systems, and Voter Alignments" nearly 40 years ago, they were convinced they were studying an obdurate phenomenon (Lipset and Rokkan, 1967) In their view, four social divisions manner of making politics in modern liberal democracies--one between control and dominant cultures, a next to the first between church and government, a third between landed interests and industrial entrepreneur and a fourth between employer and workers. Political parties, they argued, accompany to align themselves with single or more of the collections polarized by these cleavages. For particular historical reasons, certain cleavages are