Anti-Manchuism and memories of atrocity in late Qing China.(Historical Trauma)

In April 1644 the reigning emperor of Ming-dynasty China committed suicide as massive rebel armies invaded Beijing. through the end of that year the Qing dynasty (1644-1912) l by dint of Manchus, had defeated the rebel armies and remnant Ming forces in and near the capital and had seated a novel emperor on the throne in the Forbidden City. They had taken dominion government of northern China and were well upon their way to imposing their authority in the southern as well. The Qing, like the earlier Yuan (Mongol) dynasty of the thirteenth hundred was a conquest dynasty, achieving power end invasion from ...