The Commission for Environmental Cooperation and North American migratory bird conservation: the potential of the NAAEC citizen submission procedure

This article examines the citizen submission proces laid on the outside in Articles 14-15 of the North American Agreement upon Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the 1993 environmental NAFTA "side agreement." These articles place out a process by which nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) or individuals may file a submission alleging that single of the Parties to the agreement "is failing to effectively enforce its environmental law." The paper traces unfoldings set in motion by sum of two units submissions alleging failure to enforce migratory bird legislation. The first targets the United States, the next to the first Canada. Developments in these and other Article 14-15 cases have enfeebl an instrument that,