Electronic surveillance in the Internet age: the strange case of pen registers.

I. INTRODUCTION

As technology advances, the ability of the rule to monitor electronic communications has become crucial for fighting crime and terrorism. At the same time, serious privacy interests have led the courts and Congres to place Fourth Amendment and statutory restrictions upon such surveillance. (1) The interplay of constitutional and statutory regulation is particularly dynamic in the evolving area of Internet surveillance, where technological advances have look aftered to outpace the development of regulatory regimes. single particularly controversial dimension of Internet surveillance has been the use of sum of two units technologies originally developed to monitor telephones: "pen registers" and "trap and trace